Research shows that approximately 15% of Americans don't have adequate B12 levels
Intramuscular injection bypasses the depot mechanism entirely
Lee YM, Lee JO, Jung JH, Kim JH, Park SH, Park JM, Kim EK, Suh PG, Kim HS (2008) Retinoic acid leads to cytoskeletal rearrangement through AMPK-Rac1 and stimulates glucose uptake through AMPK-p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle cells
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Looking at the biological context of the mRNA growth-upregulated genes, most serve a housekeeping role (ATP synthesis, ribosomal proteins, electron transport chain)
Gut-specific advantage